Multidimensional scaling analysis of worldwide Leonberger population structure
The graph shows 1203 Leos with genetic data showing high relatedness between all dogs and no obvious subpopulations regardless of the geographical region of residence.
The 1203 dogs genotyped on SNP arrays represented the Leonberger population well because they were sampled throughout time and from various countries.
Subpopulations were expected due to the large geographic distances between the dogs.
 
 579 samples (48.1%) came from the USA and Canada
 602 samples (50.1%) came from European countries
 22 samples (1.8%) came from Australia, New Zealand, or Japan.
 
However, multidimensional scaling (MDS) of pairwise genetic distances revealed no obvious clustering.

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